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第二节 [云南考试网]ynexam_cn
www.ynexam.cn[云南考试网]
●例子：例子必出题。文章有论点-论据-论证，例子是论证，用来支持论点，所以简而言之，例子本身不重要，但前后论点（即前和/或后的两句话）极其重要。不要选例子本身的选项！！！比如农夫与蛇就不会选不要把蛇揣在怀里 www.ynexam.cn[云南考试网]
例子开始的标志：for example，后面跟着大写、时间、年代，依然是举例内容，及仍然往下扫描。（例子的具体内容不用细读） [云南考试网]ynexam_cn
例子含义的标志（也就是出的题要看的部位）：show, tell, prove, demonstrate, find, clearly www.ynexam.cn[云南考试网]
[Page72] www.ynexam.cn[云南考试网]
In the United States, the need to protect plant and animal species has become a highly controversial and sharply political issue since the passage of the Endangered Species Act in 1973. The act, designed to protect species' living areas, and policies that preserve land and forests compete with economic interests. In the 1990's, for example, the woodcutters in the Western United States were challenged legally in their attempt to cut trees for timber in the Cascade Mountains. The challenge was mounted to protect the endangered spotted owl(猫头鹰), whose remaining population occupies these forests and requires the intact, ancient forest for survival. The problematic situation set the interests of environmentalists against those of corporations and of individuals who stood to lose jobs. After months of debate and legal battles, the fate of the woodcutters-and the owls-was still undecided in mid-1992. ynexam.cn[云南考试网]
注：1. controversial的意思是受争议的，同"sharply political issue"，contro-表示"反" contradict 同…矛盾 ｗｗｗ．ｙｎｅｘａｍ．ｃｎ[云南考试网]
2. for example前句子是重点 ｙｎｅｘａｍ．ｃｎ[云南考试网]
3. problematic悬而未决的，有问题的（problema问题么？） ｙｎｅｘａｍ．ｃｎ[云南考试网]
Similar tensions exist between the developed and the developing nations. Many people in industrialized nations, for example, believe that developing nations in tropical regions should do more to protect their rain forests and other natural areas. But the developing countries may be impoverished (使赤贫), with populations growing so rapidly that using the land is a means to temporarily avoid worsening poverty and starvation. [云南考试网]网址:http://www.ynexam.cn
注：1. tension张力，冲突 www.ynexam.cn[云南考试网]
2. 看到similar就说明第二段说的和第一段一样。 ｗｗｗ．ｙｎｅｘａｍ．ｃｎ[云南考试网]
3. But转折是重点 ynexam.cn[云南考试网]
Many of the changes to Earth that concern scientists have the potential to rob the planet of its biological richness. The destruction of Earth's ozone layer (臭氧层), for example, could contribute to the general process of impoverishment by allowing ultra-violet rays to harm plants and animals. And global warming could wipe out species unable to quickly adapt to changing climates. Clearly, protecting will come only through coordinated international efforts to control human population, stabilize the composition of the atmosphere, and preserve intact Earth's complex web life（小并列不重要）. ynexam.cn[云南考试网]
ｙｎｅｘａｍ．ｃｎ[云南考试网]
36.Why does the author say that the protection of endangered species is a highly controversial issue? ｙｎｅｘａｍ．ｃｎ[云南考试网]
A) Because people can't agree as to what species to protect. [云南考试网]ｗｗｗ＿ｙｎｅｘａｍ＿ｃｎ
B) Because it is difficult to find an effective way to protect such species. [云南考试网]网址:http://www.ynexam.cn
C) Because it affects the interests of certain groups of people. ynexam.cn[云南考试网]
D) Because it is a major problem involving a series of legal procedures. [云南考试网]ynexam_cn
注：细节题。第一段economic interests [云南考试网]ｗｗｗ＿ｙｎｅｘａｍ＿ｃｎ
[云南考试网]网址:http://www.ynexam.cn
●表示绝对的词（灭绝师太）--出现在文章中，是非常重要的出题点；如果出现在选项中，很可能是不对的。 www.ynexam.cn[云南考试网]
（灭）全无：none-nothing-never-seldom-hardly-little-few-prevent-exclude-neither…nor [云南考试网]www_ynexam_cn
（绝）全有：all- absolutely-every-full-either…or… [云南考试网]ｗｗｗ＿ｙｎｅｘａｍ＿ｃｎ
唯一：only-exactly- best-most [云南考试网]网址:http://www.ynexam.cn
[云南考试网]网址:http://www.ynexam.cn
37.According to the passage, the preservation of rain forests ________. ｗｗｗ．ｙｎｅｘａｍ．ｃｎ[云南考试网]
A) may hamper a developing country in its fight against poverty. [云南考试网]ｗｗｗ＿ｙｎｅｘａｍ＿ｃｎ
B) benefits developed countries rather than developing countries. [云南考试网]ｗｗｗ＿ｙｎｅｘａｍ＿ｃｎ
C) should take priority over the control of human population. www.ynexam.cn[云南考试网]
D) will help improve the living conditions in developing countries.（反：和谐了） ｗｗｗ．ｙｎｅｘａｍ．ｃｎ[云南考试网]
注：细节题，对应文章第二段。举例前那句话更重要，只要表达出"和经济利益冲突"就对了。多看到最后的文章，则可能会选C，所以尽量少看。 ｙｎｅｘａｍ．ｃｎ[云南考试网]
[云南考试网]ynexam_cn
38.According to the passage, cutting tress to grow more food _______. [云南考试网]ｗｗｗ＿ｙｎｅｘａｍ＿ｃｎ
A) will widen the gap between the developed and the developing countries. [云南考试网]网址:http://www.ynexam.cn
B) is but a short-term relief to the food problem. ｙｎｅｘａｍ．ｃｎ[云南考试网]
C) can hardly alleviate the shortage of food. www.ynexam.cn[云南考试网]
D) proves to be an effective way out for impoverished nations. ｙｎｅｘａｍ．ｃｎ[云南考试网]
注：对应文章第二段。Short-term对应temporarily，relief对应avoid。 ｙｎｅｘａｍ．ｃｎ[云南考试网]
[云南考试网]www_ynexam_cn
39.Among"humanity's current problems" (Line 6, Para. 3), the chief concern of the scientists ｙｎｅｘａｍ．ｃｎ[云南考试网]
is _______. www.ynexam.cn[云南考试网]
A) the impoverishment of developing countries.（跨段信息，错） [云南考试网]ｗｗｗ＿ｙｎｅｘａｍ＿ｃｎ
B) the explosion of the human population. [云南考试网]网址:http://www.ynexam.cn
C) the reduction of biological diversity. [云南考试网]www_ynexam_cn
D) the effect of global warming. [云南考试网]ｗｗｗ＿ｙｎｅｘａｍ＿ｃｎ
注：第三段。C选项中reduction对应rob，diversity对应richness。 [云南考试网]ynexam_cn
[云南考试网]网址:http://www.ynexam.cn
40.The author's purpose in writing this passage is ________. www.ynexam.cn[云南考试网]
A) to describe the difficulties in solving humanity's current problems.（表层） [云南考试网]ynexam_cn
B) to present the different views on humanity's current problems. ｗｗｗ．ｙｎｅｘａｍ．ｃｎ[云南考试网]
C) to analyze the contradiction between countries in dealing with humanity's current ｙｎｅｘａｍ．ｃｎ[云南考试网]
problems. [云南考试网]ｙｎｅｘａｍ＿ｃｎ
D) to point out that humanity's current problems can only（原文有） be solved through the cooperation of nations. ｗｗｗ．ｙｎｅｘａｍ．ｃｎ[云南考试网]
注：看最后一句话，cooperation of nations 对应coordinated international efforts。 www.ynexam.cn[云南考试网]
１． 例子如何处理：重要的一定看明白，不重要的不看 [云南考试网]ｙｎｅｘａｍ＿ｃｎ
２． 哪些重要（转折、例子前后的话、灭绝的东西），哪些不重要（例子内容、小的并列＜如水果的例子>
[云南考试网]ynexam_cn
We sometimes think humans are uniquely vulnerable to anxiety, but stress seems to affect the immune defenses of lower animals too. In one experiment, for example, behavioral immunologist (免疫学家)Mark Laudenslager, at the University of Denver, gave mild electric shocks to 24 rats. Half the animals could switch off the current by turning a wheel in their enclosure, while the other half could mot. The rats in the two groups were paired so that each time one rat turned the wheel it protected both itself and its helpless partner from the shock. Laudenslager found that the immune response was depressed below normal in the helpless rats but not in those that could turn off the electricity. What he has demonstrated, he believes, is that lack of control over an event, not the experience itself, is what weakens the immune system. ynexam.cn[云南考试网]
注：1. vulnerable易受伤害的 [云南考试网]www_ynexam_cn
2. immune defense 免疫系统 ｗｗｗ．ｙｎｅｘａｍ．ｃｎ[云南考试网]
3. found之后是试验告诉我们的观点 [云南考试网]ｗｗｗ＿ｙｎｅｘａｍ＿ｃｎ
4. depress压抑；沮丧的，de往下
[云南考试网]ｙｎｅｘａｍ＿ｃｎ
Other researchers agree. Jay Weiss, a psychologist at Duke University School of Medicine, has shown that animals who are allowed to control unpleasant stimuli don't develop sleep disturbances or changes in brain chemistry typical of stressed rats. But if the animals are confronted with situations they have no control over, they later behave passively when faced with experiences they can control. Such findings reinforce psychologists' suspicions that the experience or perception of helplessness is one of the most harmful factors in depression. www.ynexam.cn[云南考试网]
注：1. 看第一句三个单词就知道本段内容和上一段相同。 [云南考试网]www_ynexam_cn
2. passive被动的
21. Laudenslager's experiment showed that the immune system of those rats who could turn off the electricity ______. [云南考试网]ｗｗｗ＿ｙｎｅｘａｍ＿ｃｎ
A) was strengthened [云南考试网]ｗｗｗ＿ｙｎｅｘａｍ＿ｃｎ
B) was not affected [云南考试网]www_ynexam_cn
C) was altered www.ynexam.cn[云南考试网]
D) was weakened ｙｎｅｘａｍ．ｃｎ[云南考试网]
注：定位文章第一段found之后 ynexam.cn[云南考试网]
[云南考试网]ynexam_cn
22. According to the passage, the experience of helplessness causes rats to ______. ynexam.cn[云南考试网]
A) try to control unpleasant stimuli ｙｎｅｘａｍ．ｃｎ[云南考试网]
B) turn off the electricity ｙｎｅｘａｍ．ｃｎ[云南考试网]
C) become abnormally suspicious ｙｎｅｘａｍ．ｃｎ[云南考试网]
D) behave passively in controllable situations [云南考试网]www_ynexam_cn
注：定位第二段But之后那句话 www.ynexam.cn[云南考试网]
[云南考试网]ｙｎｅｘａｍ＿ｃｎ
23. The reason why the mice in Ader's experiment avoided saccharin was that ______ . [云南考试网]ｗｗｗ＿ｙｎｅｘａｍ＿ｃｎ
A) they disliked its taste [云南考试网]ynexam_cn
B) it affected their immune systems ｗｗｗ．ｙｎｅｘａｍ．ｃｎ[云南考试网]
C) it led to stomach pains [云南考试网]网址:http://www.ynexam.cn
D) they associated it with stomachaches www.ynexam.cn[云南考试网]
[云南考试网]ｙｎｅｘａｍ＿ｃｎ
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